The Legality of Child Pornography Essays - 1097 Words

The Legality of Child Pornography Child pornography is an ongoing issue as technology progresses in today’s world. Now there are ways to produce child pornography without actually using a real child. While there are acts and laws to protect the children, there are still many unsatisfied people on each side of the issue. There are people who believe the adult entertainment companies, who produce the child pornography; they believe that their First Amendment rights are being violated with current acts and laws against it. There are also people who think that the current laws are not strict enough and that they need to outlaw all types of child pornography. It is necessary for all sides of the issue to be considered and for the†¦show more content†¦At this time, adult entertainment companies were finding ways to entertain their pedophilic users while still obeying the law. Software was created that could either alter the picture of an adult to make them appear as if they are under eighteen, or the software could create a child from the ingenuity of the computer (Goodwin, 2001). In response to this act, adult entertainment companies sued, claiming the act was unconstitutional in violation of the First Amendment. They argued that they never actually used a child in any creation of images (Goodwin, 2001). As long as they didn’t harm children, they were allowed to post any images that they wanted. This angers many advocates against child pornography because it’s possible that the viewing of child pornography is the beginning of some child-rape and child molestation cases. Another issue concerning child pornography is solicitation. While it is illegal to solicit child pornography, there is a way around it. With new technology, it is possible to maintain a level of anonymity. Anonymity provides a way to distribute child pornography without being found and arrested. There are arguments being made by law-enforcement agencies that they should be able to trace online activity for anyone they need to. They want to require anonymity sites to keep ISPs so that records are kept of the true identities of the usersShow MoreRelatedMedia Representation Of The Body1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe 21st century is grappling in a constant battle with media representation of the body and the continuous depictions of it in provocative and sexualized styles blasted at young adult and child audiences. As a result, these kids are all being rapidly exposed to sex and images of what is considered ‘sexy’, which quickly becomes a norm for them. 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Ancient Egypt The World s Great Civilizations - 967 Words

Proverb 22:28 and 23:10, â€Å"Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set ... Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless.† Back into the ancient Egypt , in order to divide the land and show who owned which part, those large stones were used as landmarks by most of peoples to divide the land. But regarding to the human nature, some of them were dishonest thieves, if the owner of the house was not present anymore, they would move the ancient landmark set by their ancestors. Ancient Egypt is one of the world’s great civilizations, the best known for its incredible monumental architecture typified by the pyramids, such as The Great Pyramid of Giza, tombs of pharaohs in the†¦show more content†¦Most of the pyramids were clearly used as tombs in order to represent that is the gate of the Underworld . For example like The Great Pyramid of Giza (also called the Khufu s Pyramid, Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheop s), located at the the southwestern suburbs of Cairo area, the reason why I did a research about this due to the fact that it’s the most famous ancient Egyptian monuments, almost all the visitors and Western tourists would attached by that incredible structure after they been there. The three primary pyramids on the Giza plateau were built over the span of three generations by the rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Each pyramid included a temple and a long stone causeway, most of them were nearly 1 kilometer in length leading east from plateau to the valley. â€Å"The Great Pyramid of Khufu is the oldest and sole remnant of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Over 2 million blocks of stone were used to construct the pyramid, during a 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. The pyramid is an awe-inspiring 139 meters high making it the largest pyramid in Egypt, although nearby Khafre’ s Pyramid appears to be larger as it is build at a higher elevation.† â €Å"The Great Pyramid stands witness to the ability of Khufu to lead and coordinate his people. Khufu had several sons and his immediate successor was his son Djedefre. Curiously, Djedefre also chose to build his pyramid

Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay Free Essays

The term gifted and talented is surrounded with a great trade of contention, and is presently under reappraisal by the Coalition Government. A huge sum of research has been undertaken over the last 10 old ages, into the long-run, emotional effects of labelling a kid, and the practician ‘s function in placing a kid and distinguishing the course of study. Directgov ( 2010 ) , presently defines ‘gifted ‘ as one who excels in academic topics such as maths and English, and ‘talented ‘ as those who possess accomplishments in practical countries such as athletics and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pound ( 2008 ) , discusses how Gardner ‘s theory revolves about eight intelligences. Gardner believes that each person possesses his or her ain alone combination of intelligences, which he calls ‘multiple intelligences ‘ , which can be enhanced and enriched in an environment which provides stimulating and ambitious activities. Teaching, through Gardner ‘s theory enables the practician to convey out a talented and talented kid ‘s advanced natural endowments, in a ambitious manner. ( Conklin 2007 ) Gardner ‘s ‘multiple intelligence ‘ theory and the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) , are reciprocally supportive. Both emphasise individualism and singularity. The DCSF ( 2008 ) , asserts that every country of development is every bit of import, and that no kid should confront favoritism. The DCSF ( 2008 ) besides explains that the early acquisition ends give practicians scope to place and be after for all kids across the developmental continuum. It follows that practicians must place kids ‘s demands and construct on their strengths. Freeman ( 1991 ) advocates that the kid who is every bit ‘bright as a button ‘ , and maintains their enthusiasm for acquisition is more likely to do a positive part to society. The EYFS has been condemned by the Open Eye Campaign ( 2007 ) who claim that it is ‘overly normative and potentially harmful to development, ‘ and that many of its ends are ‘developmentally inappropriate ‘ . In comparing to the EYFS the Key Stage One is more academically biased. The Office for Standards in Education ( Ofsted ) ( 2007 ) , reported that two tierces of Year One instructors did non utilize the information gained from the EYFS to inform pattern and planning. Consequently, many ‘talented ‘ kids may be over looked. Palaiologou ( 2010 ) , discusses Gardner ‘s position that instruction should be less academically driven and his ‘five heads ‘ theory. This focuses on an person ‘s ability to screen utile and relevant information in any given state of affairs, how to believe ‘outside of the box ‘ , and to understand diverseness, citizenship and community relationships in both the immediate and broad environment. He referred to these as ‘modern ‘ twenty-four hours endowments. It is the function of the practician to place and distinguish the course of study to develop talented and gifted persons. Failing to make this could hold a negative impact on the kid. A kid may easy lose involvement and misconduct when presented with unchallenging undertakings. Freeman ( 2009 ) , inquiries how a response category instructor headers with a kid who is working at a higher degree than their equals. She writes that kids should non be left to wait while others ‘catch up ‘ , and believes that this is where ennui begins, this can ensue in a kid withdrawing from larning. Quart ( 2006 ) agrees with this fact and believes that there should be more support available to develop practicians in the appraisal of and learning techniques for gifted and talented students. Freeman ( 2010a ) states that successful and happy kids need consistent. Freeman ‘s research revealed that discovered that kids who were identified as talented and talented in one school would in fac t be below norm in another. Often practitioners erroneously identified a kid as talented and talented. She subsequently states that through analysis of collected information she discovered that labelling kids as gifted and talented makes a negative ‘difference ‘ to their sense of ego, ensuing in low self-pride. Childs who were labelled by parents suffered more emotional jobs than their every bit gifted but unlabeled equals. James ( 2007 ) , draws our attending to the fact that many parents may be commanding and demanding, claiming that the kid becomes fixated with carry throughing parental ends in an effort to understate struggle. He explains that high accomplishment is frequently a effect of over parental pressurisation in childhood that frequently leads to self-criticism and depression in ulterior old ages. Quart ( 2006 ) , supports this position and concludes that parents and pedagogues should forbear from forcing kids to win. She issues a prophylactic warning that the force per unit area placed on the gifted and talented can take to emotional declinations of being deprived of a childhood. For some who were placed on, a ‘pedestal ‘ signifier an early age range maturity and realize they are no longer rather so particular. Freeman ( 2010b ) , leads us to believe that the media is merely interested when things go incorrect, and in fact many gifted and gifted kids go on to take happy ordinary lives. She states that parents should back up and steer kids without forcing them to win and love should be unconditioned and non reliant on accomplishment. To reason, Gardner ‘s theories offer practitioners a theoretical account for supplying a rich and ambitious environment for all kids, including those who are gifted and talented. Practitioners need comprehensive preparation to guarantee that be aftering for larning provides challenges to vouch kids are challenged and stretched, non, bored and pushed. It besides Emotional troubles are more likely to happen when a kid is labelled talented and talented. Therefore, parents and educational practicians should take to guarantee that an identified gifted and talented kid grows into a happy, all-around grownup. More coaction is needed between Foundation and Key Stage One. In fact, it would be good to kids if the EYFS were continued in Year One. Through this research, a greater penetration into the term gifted and talented has been obtained. It offered differing positions on the topic, and the decision reached was that there is really a topographic point in society for the talented and t alented, nevertheless, designation and instruction should be undertaken with attention and sensitiveness. In the words of Benjamin Franklin, Hide non your endowments. They for usage were made. What ‘s a sundial in the shadiness? Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ) How to cite Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay, Essay examples

The Industrial Revolution In England Essay Research free essay sample

The Industrial Revolution In England Essay, Research Paper The Industrial Revolution in England The Industrial Revolution brought about a major alteration in the lives of about all of the people of England. The people of the on the job category benefitted from the Industrial Revolution. In other words, I am an optimist. I think that the criterion of life of the people increased. However, I besides believe that many people of the working category lost their independency as a consequence of the revolution. Greed did non increase over this clip period because there was merely every bit much greed before the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a measure frontward for adult females because they wanted to be at place with their kids. The working category in England had a higher criterion of life during the Industrial Revolution than before it started. Life Standards The life criterions of the working category of England improved during the Industrial Revolution. At the start of the revolution, from 1790 to 1815, monetary values and rewards grew steeply. At this point, the monetary values were a small higher than the rewards. This was due to the war against France from 1793 to 1815. Be it merely a happenstance that the monetary values were higher merely during the clip that the war was traveling on? I do non believe that this was the instance. Monetary values tend to travel up during wars. After the war with France ended, the monetary values went back down really aggressively. Wagess did non diminish as much. They went down marginally, but non near to the crisp diminution in monetary values. For the majority of the revolution, rewards were higher than the monetary values. After the people of England had bought their necessities to populate on, they still had money left over because of the lessening in monetary values. This constituted higher life criterions because the people had more money to pass on things other than the necessities. ! Pessimists argue that the chart from which this information was taken is incorrect because it merely shows mill workers. However, the mills were where most of the people of England were working. People knew that they would do more money in the mills, and accordingly, the people of England flocked to the mills. Pessimists besides claim that it is unjust to disclaim duty for the Industrial Revolution during the war clip old ages with France. But why should optimists be responsible for the old ages of hapless life criterions when it was non the revolution # 8217 ; s mistake? It was the war # 8217 ; s mistake, non the revolution # 8217 ; s mistake. It is obvious that over the class of the Industrial Revolution, decease rates in England decreased. There was besides a big population addition because of the decreased mortality rates. # 8220 ; 20 % of the population growing came from increased birth rates, while the remainder came from worsening mortality rates. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p. 103 ) From 1700-1750, the decease rates i! n England were 32 out of every thousand people per twelvemonth. By the 1810 # 8217 ; s, decease rates were down to 21 out of every thousand people. At the terminal of the revolution, in the 1840 # 8217 ; s, the decease rates were at 22 out of every thousand people per twelvemonth. # 8220 ; There were no important medical progresss until after 1850 # 8230 ; , so improved lodging, vesture, existent rewards, and diets reduced the mortality rates. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.103 ) The pessimists point out that about all of the diminution in decease rates occurred before 1800. This is right. However, the decease rates still went down. They besides point out that when the effects of industrialisation took clasp, the national decease rates rose from 21/1000 to 23/1000. But, even though they rose by two more people per 1000, this is undistinguished compared with how much the decease rates had already decreased. While from the 1810 # 8217 ; s to the 1830 # 8217 ; s, the rates went up by two people per 1000, in the 1840 # 8217 ; s, the decease rates went back down to 22/1000. The get downing point used by the pessimists of 1820 is unjust because it fails! to include the part of history during which the decease rates fell the most. # 8220 ; The pessimists below the belt choice 1820 as their starting point, which is to their advantage in the argument, but the technological alterations in cotton and Fe, which brought about industrialisation all occurred in the 1770 # 8217 ; s and 1780 # 8217 ; s. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.104 ) The pessimists besides say that the decease rates increased in the metropoliss. In fact, throughout the whole revolution, they did non. In Manchester, the decease rates fell from 40/1000 in 1770 to 33/1000 in the 1840 # 8217 ; s. The decease rates did travel up from the 1830 # 8217 ; s to the 1840 # 8217 ; s, but that does non outweigh the lessening in the rates before so. These reduced mortality rates point to an addition in the life criterions in the general population of England. Independence During the Industrial Revolution, the people of England lost their independency. Before the alterations were made which brought about the Industrial Revolution, the people of England worked for themselves. During and after the revolution, the people no longer worked for themselves, but for big companies in mills. They now worked for a pay alternatively of being paid by the sum of work that they completed. The people of England lost their right to find how much they would work. Now they had to work a certain figure of hours that their employers in the mills wanted them to work. This is precisely what happened to the handloom weavers. They were forced out of their concern and into mills. From 1795 to 1810, the sum of handloom weavers increased. But from 1810 to 1845, the sum of handloom weavers decreased dramatically. This was because the first power loom mill opened in 1806. After 1806, the figure of power loom mills increased dramatically. ! Handloom weavers were forced out of concern because they could non maintain up with the efficiency in the mills. Two people working power looms could bring forth as much cotton as seven handloom weavers. The handloom weavers merely could non maintain up and either were forced out of concern or had to travel work in a mill. But they lost their right to take what they wanted to make, and could no longer be handloom weavers. It was merely impossible for them. Another ground that people lost their independency during the Industrial Revolution was that Enclosure came approximately. Enclosure made the little land proprietors give up their land and happen a new occupation. Merely the big land proprietors could afford to pay for all of the new demands that Enclosure called for. With Enclosure, all land proprietors had to pay a level revenue enhancement on their land. It was besides required to hold your land fenced and surveyed. Peoples that did non have a big sum of land could non afford to hold these things done. Peoples that! could non afford to pay the revenue enhancement on their land had their land take n off. About 25 % of the families could non afford to pay their revenue enhancements on their land. Consequently, all of the little land proprietors were forced out of concern. They could non work their ain land any longer. They had to discovery work either on person else # 8217 ; s land or in a different line of concern. Enclosure took away the population # 8217 ; s right to take what they wanted to make. It did non let them to farm for themselves. Greed Greed did non increase during the Industrial Revolution. There was merely as much greed before the revolution as there was during it. The hapless intervention of kids did non acquire any worse. It merely became more noticeable because it was all in the same topographic point. Peoples started detecting the hapless intervention of kids because it was all in the mills alternatively of being widespread as it was before the revolution. There are many illustrations of the hapless intervention of kids before the revolution of all time started. Robert Owen was 10 old ages old when he was an learner, and said the followers: # 8220 ; Frequently at two o # 8217 ; clock in the forenoon, after working all twenty-four hours from 8 AM, I had been hardly able, with the assistance of the Bannisters, to travel upstairs to bed. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.101 ) Another illustration of the mistreatment of kids is shown by the undermentioned quotation mark: # 8220 ; He employed 17 apprentice misss, and had so cruelly ill- treated and starved them that 5 had died. The misss normally worked at embellishment on Muslim! from 4 or 5 in the forenoon until 10 or 11 at dark. Their nutrient was normally bread and H2O # 8230 ; The 17 slept in an Attic in 3 beds. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.101 ) This sort of hapless intervention of kids before the revolution started was common all throughout England. There was an betterment in kid labour Torahs towards the terminal of the revolution. The Factory Act of 1833 forbade the employment of kids under 9 in fabric Millss, limited kids aged 9-13 to working 9 hours per twenty-four hours and 48 hours per hebdomad, and limited kids aged 13-18 to working 12 hours per twenty-four hours and 69 hours per hebdomad. # 8220 ; The Mines Act of 1842 banned male childs under 10 and all females from working resistance. The Ten Hours Act of 1847 limited work for kids under 18 and all females to 10 hours a day. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.102 ) Towards the terminal of the revolution, the authorities passed these Torahs to restrict kid labour and demo that they were non avaricious. Pessimists point to handloom weavers being driven out of concern as an illustration of the gre! erectile dysfunction in the revolution. But, that was non greed. If there was a B etter manner to bring forth a merchandise, so why would person non desire to utilize the better method? # 8220 ; They had 20 old ages to switch to a new business. Their refusal to make so was the consequence of stubbornness. # 8221 ; ( Bin. p.97 ) Pessimists point out that kids were widely mistreated in mills. However, the hapless intervention was merely noticed because it was in the same topographic point alternatively of being spread out all over the state as it was before the revolution started. Laslett argued, # 8220 ; The coming of industry did non convey economic subjugation. Nor did it make a state of affairs where workers were exploited. These things were already there. # 8221 ; ( B p.97 ) Womans The Industrial Revolution brought about a measure frontward for adult females. Many people today would state that the revolution was a measure rearward for adult females, but we are non sing what people think about this issue today. We are analysing whether or non it was good for the adult females of the early 19th century. # 8220 ; In pre-industrial Europe most people by and large worked as household units. # 8221 ; ( WS p.796 ) At the start of the revolution, households worked together in the mills as good. Later, attitudes changed and kid labour was restricted. Work force were expected to gain the money for the family and adult females were supposed to remain at place and attention for the kids. # 8220 ; The adult male emerged as the household # 8217 ; s primary pay earner, and the adult female found merely limited occupation opportunities. # 8221 ; ( WS p.796 ) A definite tendency formed with the work forces working and the adult females remaining at place. The adult females of this clip period appreciated the new reforms because now they could run their places and watch their kids turn up. Before so T! hey could make

School of Arts and Humanities POLS210 American Gov Essays

School of Arts and Humanities POLS210 American Government I 3 Credit Hours 8 Weeks Prerequisite(s): None Table of Contents Instructor Information Evaluation Procedures Course Description Grading Scale Course Scope Course Outline Course Objectives Policies Course Delivery Method Academic Services Course Resources Selected Bibliography Course Description (Catalog) POLS210 American Government I (3 hours) This is the first course in a two-course sequence in American Government. The course is designed to convey basic facts about the structure and functioning of the American political system. The philosophical foundation of the U.S. Constitution is explored and the federalist construct is examined. The functions of the three separate branches of government and their roles in policy making are a major focus. Course Objectives After successfully completing this course, you will be able to : CO-1 Explain the philosophical basis and functioning of the American republic. CO-2 Describe the historical foundations of the American government. CO-3 Explain the evolution of the U. S. Constitution. CO-4 Describe the types of political participation in a democratic system. CO-5 Explain the power and roles of the three branches of government. CO-6 Define the purpose and functions of the federal bureaucracy. CO-7 Explain the policy-making process in the federal system. CO-8 Identify the influences on political beliefs and behavior. Course Delivery Method This course delivered via distance learning will enable students to complete academic work in a flexible manner, completely online. Course materials and access to an online learning management system will be made available to each student. Assigned faculty will support the students throughout this eight-week course. Course Resources Lesson Notes The e-textbook in this course is entitled American Government by Krut z and Waskiewicz at https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/AmericanGovernment-LR.pdf Web r esources and a ssigned r eadings Students also must have a computer with access to the internet, per AP US guidelines, with Microsoft Office installed. If for some reason you do not have Office, please download Openoffice.org 's productivity suite, which is compatible with it. Please visit http://apus.libguides.com/er.php and search by the course number to access your required resources. Evaluation Procedures Grades for this course will be based upon three grading instruments; forums (8), quizzes, formal essays ( 3 ) , and a final presentation . There are eight weekly discussion questions that are provided in the f orums . A rubric explaining grading criteria is included in each weekly forum. The essays will cover functions of government in addressing public issues. The final presentation will be a PowerPoint presentation combining what was learned in the essays. R ubrics are included in the course. The grade scale for each of the evaluation tools is provided below: Grade Instruments: % of Final Grade Forum Topics 5 0% Weekly Quizzes 10% Week 3 Essay 1 0% Week 5 Essay 1 0% Final Presentation (Week 7 ) 2 0% 100% Forums The f orum s are the primary means of class . Each f orum requires that the student post one original response to a forum question. See the forum rubric for evaluation standards . The forums are set up so students must post their responses before being able to read what other students have researched and submitted. Each week there is a choice of two forum questions. A response is only required to one of them, but replies to other students should address responses in both questions. Please be sure that you have completed and proofread your work before posting it. You will not be able to delete or edit your work once you've submitted it, similar to the way exams and papers will not be returned for corrections after they have been submitted. Note: Satisfactorily m eeting forum minimum requirements will result in a grade of a C or higher (A, B, or C). It is not a guarantee that an A will be earned. Quizzes Each week has a ten-question quiz due . Questions are multiple choice and answers are taken from the readings in the lesson readings or the required textbook readings. All quizzes have a 30-minute time limit to complete them. Please study ahead of time because there will not be enough time to look up the answers to all ten questions during the quiz. Class Project Assignments Three short essays

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essays

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essays Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Social Work is at an of import phase in its development as a profession non merely in the United Kingdom but around the universe. All professions must be antiphonal and proactive to altering societal and economic climes and conditions if they are to run into the demands of the people they are functioning. It is indispensable for Social Workers to be able to rehearse in conformity with societal work values and to retain a clear professional individuality, and at the same clip to be able to work efficaciously with other professional groups and bureaus. Although there are many footings used to depict working together with other professions such as joint working, inter-professional working, multi-disciplinary working and inter-agency working the term presently used by the Department of Health publications is collaborative pattern ( Whittington 2003b ) . New ways of working that crossed professional boundaries had to be created, in order to let a more flexible attack to care bringing ( Malin et al, 2002 ) . Collaboration in wellness and societal attention is a comparatively new field of survey, with the first major surveies being undertaken in the 1980s ( Roy, 2001 ) . In wellness and societal attention collaborative working is frequently referred to as Inter-professional working, as it is non merely about professionals working together. The patients, clients or service users are a cardinal portion of the squad. At its simplest the construct of coaction infers that people from different professional and academic backgrounds form a working relationship for the intent of enhanced service proviso. However, the exact nature of the partnership is likely to be contested, whilst to the full incorporate joined-up collaborative pattern has so far proven elusive. Effective communicating is an indispensable constituent of the traditional societal work functions and duties. It is hence every bit necessary for societal workers to besides hold effectual communicating accomplishments if they are to advance self-help and authorization to those whom they are supplying a service for. Lishman ( 1994 ) reminds us that attention directors and suppliers will hold to utilize a scope of communicating and interpersonal accomplishments if community attention is truly to intend attention, pick and authorization of others. Collaborative working implies: witting interaction between the parties to accomplish a common end ( Meads A ; Ashcroft, 2005 ) . It recognises both difference A ; similarity. Collaboration is a procedure by which members of different subjects portion their accomplishments and expertness to supply a better quality service to patients, clients or service users ( Hughes, Hemingway A ; Smith, 2005 ) . The sharing of information agencies both acquiring information and giving it. The act of deriving information in Social Work is an indispensable undertaking the information gained can be used for legion intents such as: Making an appraisal of demand or hazard Writing a study Planing an intercession To warrant obtaining resource The something or benefit is sometimes called collaborative advantage , and it can be seen as the fuel of collaborative working the greater the possible or existent advantage gained by all parties, the greater the degrees of energy fuelling the coaction. Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2008 ) and Hughes, Hemmingway A ; Smith ( 2005 ) inter-professional and collaborative working means sing the service user in a holistic manner, and it benefits the service user when different administrations, such as Social Workers, District Nurses, Occupational Therapists and other wellness professionals come together to supply a better service. These definitions describe collaborative working as the act of people working together toward common ends. Integrated working involves seting the service user at the centre of determination doing to run into their demands and better their lives ( Dept. Health, 2009 ) . Effective coaction and interaction will hold positive results within a on the job environment for both the squads working together and the service user. Agencies should be encouraged to portion information to guarantee that all demands of the service users are met but besides to guarantee the safety of the service user and the other squads involved. Caring for People ( Dept. Health, 1989 ) stated that successful coaction required a clear, common apprehension by every bureau of each other s duties and powers, in order to do kick how and with whom coaction should be secured. The authorities has been advancing inter-agency and collaborative working since the late 80 s which besides saw a alteration in the policies set Forth by the authoritiess and a legislative background was created to advance self-collaboration between companies. The declared purpose has been to create high quality, needs-led, coordinated services that maximised pick for the service user. ( Payne, 1995 ) . Recent events and media calls have focused collaborative working entirely on Social Work every bit stated in Pollard, Sellman A ; Senior ( 2005 ) and when viewed as a good thing , it is worthwhile to critically analyze its benefits and drawbacks. ( Leathard, 2003 ) . The old authorities set away programs to overhaul the Social Services every bit good as update the NHS. A clear indicant of this can be found in NHS Plan ( Dept. Health, 2000 ) and Overhauling the Social Services ( Dept. Health, 1998a ) . This was non in fact a new program it was portion of a turning accent stemming from the 1970s. The decease of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were inquiries asked why professionals were non able to protect kids who they had identified as most at hazard. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct antonym of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed excessively rigorous and over powering, it was deemed that kids were removed from their households when there was little concrete grounds of injury or maltreatment ( Butler-Sloss, 1988 ) , with excessively much accent put on the medical sentiment. The old authorities set away programs to overhaul the Social Services every bit good as update the NHS. A clear indicant of this can be found in NHS Plan ( Dept. Health, 2000 ) and Overhauling the Social Services ( Dept. Health, 1998a ) . This was non in fact a new program it was portion of a turning accent stemming from the 1970s. The decease of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were inquiries asked why professionals were non able to protect kids who they had identified as most at hazard. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct antonym of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed excessively rigorous and over powering, it was deemed that kids were removed from their households when there was little concrete grounds of injury or maltreatment ( Butler-Sloss, 1988 ) , with excessively much accent put on the medical sentiment. The Munro Report ( 2010 ) stated that other service bureaus can non and should non replace Social Worker s, but there is a demand for bureaus to prosecute professionally about kids, immature people and households on their caseloads. The Children s Act 2004 was introduced after the public enquiry into the decease of Victoria Climbie in 2000 ; the same public enquiry besides resulted in the Every Child Matters motion. The failure to join forces efficaciously was highlighted as one of many missed chances by the enquiry into the tragic decease of Victoria Climbie ( Laming, 2003 ) and Baby Peter ( Munro, 2010 ) . Expressing what you all want to accomplish in clear, outcomes-oriented linguistic communication, and being able to continually recheck those results as your work together returns, is the individual most of import key to successful coaction. However, it is really rather hard to show results in ways that are unambiguous and clearly understood by all of the possible or existent confederates. The quality of communicating is critical. Poor communicating is frequently behind many of the differences that threaten to procrastinate collaborative working relationships. Clear lines of communicating demand to be established across the establishments that make up a pool to guarantee everyone is cognizant of and is able to transport out the recognized policies and processs. Accountabilities, in peculiar, should be good defined. Engagement and engagement of service user is besides critical in the Social Work field. This after all is the chief donee of the collaborative on the job strategy and your end as a Social Worker is to run into their demands and ends. If you show the service user regard they excessively will give you a common regard which will let the Social Workers and other elements of the collaborative squad to accomplish their common ends. However donees do non hold to be cognizant that an activity is being delivered in partnership for the partnership to be successful. Regular reappraisals and users feedback can assist mensurate its impact. Collaborative advantage will be achieved when something remarkably originative is produced possibly an aim is met that no administration could hold produced on its ain and when each administration, through coaction, is able to accomplish its ain aims better than it could entirely . ( Huxham, 1996 ) . Huxham was demoing that coaction will work when it is done decently, and when we as Social Workers put aside any biass that are under lying in our working outlook and besides our personal outlook, we will work good with other Fieldss and patterns to organize a more efficient and organized service. By larning with, from and about one another practicians can understand several functions and duties, generate common trust, beef up relationships and better collaborative pattern ( Barr et al 2005 ) . To summarize and reason the development of collaborative working will doubtless necessitate a alteration in civilization and values amongst wellness and societal attention professionals ; nevertheless it is working and developing rapidly and for the better of non merely the collaborating bureaus but besides for the service users.

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Relations - Essay Example As much as the United States opted to become a member country of the United Nations and party to the ratification of internal laws and agreements, it was mandatory for it to obtain permission from the UN to invade Iraq in 2003. This is mainly due to the voluntary decision of US leaders to become a member of the UN and thus, subject to all agreements enacted at the UN level. It is mandatory for all member-countries to abide by the rules and regulations of the UN most especially when these were made with the consent of its members, and US is obviously one of them. There were several instances that the US have practiced their obligation before the members of the UN Security Council and one of these instances were when US Secretary Colin Powell presented the George Bush’s view on February 5 before the council [1]. This meant that the US respected their role and the role of the UN with regards to the international conflict. Powell argued that Resolution 1441 of the Security Council aimed at disarming Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction. Powell insisted that Iraq was already found guilty of material breach whatever hat may mean. But it would soon be established but no sooner than in 2002 that the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) found no trace of evidence about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq [2]. ... In addition, Article 51 arose from the need for imminent self-defense when Council deliberation can no longer be an applicable due to the urgency of an action. The US appeared exaggerating at that time to argue that Article 51 was applicable for Iraq to be invaded by force by the US. 2. What are the implications of the Iraq war for nation-state sovereignty? There are various negative implications [6] of the Iraq war for nation-state sovereignty but with contrasting meanings for nations depending on the level of military might. The Iraq war meant that the United States remain a superpower to reckon with. Its administration decides when, where, who, and why attack an individual, or a nation-state. This was a dangerous period of democracy and international relations as US through its president George Bush defied the mandate of the international body when it comes to actions beyond the US borders and territory. It flouted its force and might among the organization of nations, and togethe r with the United Kingdom which supported the US, they showed that their intents backed by might and a blinded military are above any kind of international law and understanding. It acted like the Nazi Germany for occupying other nations. The international laws that they tried to use as an excuse to invade Iraq were lame and a breach of UN membership. They have brazenly shown that for economic reasons that will benefit their oil magnates – British’ Shell and 14 other contractors [7]. For the part of Iraq and other nations that future US leaders will have their hot eyes on like Iran and North Korea, and the rest of other nation states in the world who cannot stand the force of a superpower, the implication

The effect of a New Technology on Society, Education, Entertainment, Research Paper

The effect of a New Technology on Society, Education, Entertainment, Financial Interests - Research Paper Example To gain a thorough understanding of the effect that technology has we will look at the impact it has had on the social, educational, entertainment as well as financial spheres. As far as technology goes the impact that it has had on the society has been in phenomenal. Every aspect of life has been altered due to the impression made by technology. It not only affects people regardless of their ages worldwide but it also goes to reflect the novelty that the human mind is capable of. How the society is affected by the introduction of rapid technological innovations can be categorized by looking at the most altering technologies. The first of these is the internet technology. Gone are the times when people struggle to gain information and date in order to make critical decisions. The introduction of the internet fills that information gap providing consumers with a wealth of information to make smart and informed decisions. It provides a platform for students as well as teachers for cons ultation or referrals. The Internet provides a place for businesses as well as individuals to find the information that they need and the exchange of information a simplified process. Not only can through proper usage companies build themselves it can enable consumers to easily search for specific services tailor made for them (McGinn, 2001). Despite the ease of information and flexibility that is the result of the technological progress of the World Wide Web there are other negative implications that it has contributed to as far as the society is concerned. True that consumer can make better decisions resulting in an influx of products that are of higher quality and value. Also it has lead to the world moving towards a society where individuals everywhere are integrated and a lot more connected however there are harmful implications of this technology as well. The first of these is the availability of harmful and unhealthy material reliable online that is easy to access for everyon e regardless of age. There are then also individuals who publish harmful material on the internet and due to weak controls to censor children and adults alike have easy access. Internet crime, in terms of hacking, blackmailing and manipulation online is another negative implication due to the introduction of this technology. Cyber crime is now a threatening advent of the society on which is possible only due to the introduction of internet technology. The introduction of nano technology is also deep rooted as far as the restructuring of the society is concerned. It has impacted not only the area of human health, by the use of nanotechnology to treat diseases like cancer but also the way it can be used to dismantle cancer tumors. The health sector has made numerous advancements which have led to the treatment of diseases effectively and enhancing human health leading to higher life expectancy. In addition to the impact on the health sector, the electronics industry is also affected d ue to nanotechnology. This can be seen in the way the use of the nano, variable devices and applications can be built. A significant incorporation of this concept is used for combat as well as espionage for considerable improvements in military strength and defense. Energy technology is another category which has impacted the society and our way of living today. This can be seen by the introduction of solar, wind and hydrogen technology of the battery. These

Change Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change Model - Assignment Example How change is introduced in an organization greatly determines how it will be accepted by the employees which will contribute to organizational success. Companies want to grow and expand in the long run but the problem arises where change is an intimidating step among the management and employees since the outcome is unknown and since they are moving out of their comfort zone (Van de Ven & Sun 2011). For change to be effective, a detailed plan has to be made in advance, implementation has to be slow and steady and most importantly is that the people it affects have to be consulted and involved in the change process rather than being by- standers. The change has to be measurable, ideally achievable and realistic. Some important questions need to be answered before introducing the change; what is it that we want to attain from the change, how will we know that we have attained the change we long for, who are the people that will be directly affected by the change and what is their expe cted response? It is by answering these questions that will form the basis of how to explain to the employees of the reasons for the change and help them understand and contribute positively towards the achieving the change (Van de Ven & Sun 2011). ... Since opening up the shop in Shanghai is for a short time, the organization may be testing the waters to see how well their company will respond to international change where the people as well as their culture are different. In the first stage of unfreeze, the organizations tries to break the status quo by explaining that these changes are necessary and should be accepted for the company to grow. The key to this stage is to develop a compelling message to the employees of the need for change perhaps due to worrying financial results, poor customer satisfaction, or just the need for improvement and expansion of the company for it to grow (Van de Ven & Sun 2011). For the change to be successful, it is important that the employees be prepared psychologically by changing their core beliefs and attitudes about the organization. If the company wants to go global, there is need to change the mindset of the employees, stopping them from looking at the company in its regional state but as an international company. For goals to be achieved, they have to be foreseen before they are worked towards achieving them. The first part is very hard and stressful since when change starts, people have to start adapting to the new ways of doing things which pushes them off balance. It is for this reason that during early stages of the new store would seem slow and progress to be almost none. If this phase is not handled carefully, rebellion is likely to be seen among the employees (Mariana & Violeta 2011). The second phase is the change part where people are inculcated into the new radical ways of doing things. People have to see that the change is meant to benefit the entire company.

Individual Learner Difference In Second Language Acquisition Education Essay

Individual Learner Difference In Second Language Acquisition Education Essay SLA (Second language acquisition) is a process through which an individual learns a second language as an additional language after having learned a native language already. SLA involves broad research and is considered a branch of applied linguistics. The concept is also related to education, neuroscience sociolinguistics, and psychology. Learning a second language is not an easy task, this is a practice that involves commitment, study, dedication, patient as well as time in order to develop. People who learn a second language do not do it because is just a compulsory subject at school, but because they feel encouraged to learn it , considering factors such us, communication with foreigners, academic studies and better opportunities to find a good job. Research has shown that there are differences among second language learners that significantly affect language learning success. As a result, the study of individual differences (IDs) especially in language learning motivation and language aptitude has been attributed to researches on L2 studies dating back to the 1960s. Motivation is what guides people to accomplish and be successful in all areas of life. Regarding the classroom environment, this term is the basis of how enthusiastic or unwilling students are to learn and the guidance force to maintain the extensive and sometimes tiresome learning process. Both the degree of motivation and educational success frequently seem to go hand in hand, which can be clearly observed throughout the teaching practice. This essay seeks to explore and discuss in detail one individual learner difference in second language acquisition, which is motivation. Apart from defining the term, regarding different authors, the essay will also include the analysis of the various types of motivation, as well as, the role motivation plays in second language classrooms. And finally, ways of fostering motivation will be proposed. The term Motivation in SLA One of the individual learner differences in SLA is motivation, which is a term difficult to define, since its meaning could depend on the individuals and their cultures. DÃ ¶rnyei (2002: 1) says that motivation is best seen as a broad umbrella term that covers a variety of meanings, but simultaneously this author also describes motivation as the factor in charge of determining why individuals decide to carry out an action, the amount of effort people invest in the tasks as well as the rate of perseverance people put when completing various activities. Alike DÃ ¶rnyei, Passer and Smith (2004: 327) perceive motivation as a process that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal-directed behaviour. According to Gardner (1985), motivation is what makes people to act towards a given situation. Taking into consideration all these definitions which state what the term of motivation is, it can be deduced that the concept refer to some type of energy that guides individuals t o undertake a task in their lives. The motivated language learner Lightbown and Spada (2002) point out that motivation is a factor that plays an important role in language learning success. In the context of language learning is what pushes a pupil to gain knowledge of the English language. The importance of motivation in relation to achieving the goals of learning English as a Second Language according to Naiman et al, (1978) is that it gives the learner the ability to tolerate ambiguity; a need for achievement; a positive orientation towards the task; high aspirations; ego involvement; perseverance and goal orientation. Therefore, a motivated language student is a person who has positive attitudes towards the target language. These attitudes are shown when the second language learner makes efforts to acquire the language and has a consistent desire of studying and discovering new and additional material. Moreover, looking for opportunities and ways where he or she will be able to put in practice the target language. An additional way of defining a motivated learner is when learning the second language is a comfortable situation for the apprentice, taking pleasure in the tasks involved. Furthermore, a pupil that experience a high level of motivation will doubtless feel pleased about learning the language. Researchers have arisen several explanations of what encourages learners to study a foreign language; they have found that motivational factors are fundamental at the time of speaking about second language success. Types of motivation As it was mentioned before, there are diverse meanings for motivation in SLA, regardless of the words they basically refer to the same notion. Also, there are different factors which somewhat vary depending on the authors points of view. I will refer in this essay to the different types of motivation, taking into consideration different authors. Extrinsic and Intrinsic motivation: The words extrinsic and intrinsic are to some extent complicated, given that both terms do not seem to have a clear definition in the field of second language acquisition. Passer and Smith (2004) cite extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, even though Noels (2002) uses the terms extrinsic and intrinsic orientations. For these authors, Passer and Smith and Noel, extrinsic signifies that people carry out an action to accomplish an external goal or evade punishment, while by intrinsic motivation the authors altogether mean that students do activities, due to the satisfaction they get from the tasks themselves. Activities that motivate students intrinsically are likened to enjoyable activities, fun, or things that students do out of their own choice. Some of the conducted studies assert that intrinsically motivating activities lead to improved learning by the students. The difference between Passer Smith (2004) and Noels (2002) is just the notion motivation and orientations, in view of the fact that both terms involved different approaches of motivation. The initial term proposes that the motivation itself comes from outside or within; while the term orientation suggests that it is rather the different triggers of motivation that comes from outside or within. Although, Glasser (1996) does not use the terms intrinsic and extrinsic, he provides a third route to see where motivation comes from. He states that motivation is produced trying to satisfied the essential desires which all human beings own. For instance, the need of entertainment. He points out that even if a person is influenced by the environment, all motivation still comes from inside the individual, because it is he or she who really choose whether or not and how to carry out an activity. Though I concur with Glasser that just the individuals are the ones who make their own decisions, I think that what motivates people, are factors which can be both external and internal. Alternatively, Garden and Lambet (1972) coined the following terms to classify motivation. Integrative Motivation Garden and Lambet (1972) describe this term as the desire that the learners have to familiarize themselves with the culture of the ethnic group that speaks the language they intend to learn. Gardner (2002) himself perceives Integrativeness as one of the factors that conduct to motivation for second language learning, and by this he suggests that whether learners have the hope to come nearer the L2 community they will have real desire in learning and studying the second language. Besides, the term also refers to the degree at which the learner desires to understand the target community. Essentially, integrative motivation refers to a learners desire to expand their association with the community that they are targeting. Saville Troike, (2005) affirm that the main triggers of this type of motivation are emotions or affective factors. For instance, a Chilean boy who come to live in London for a time, meet an English girl and fall in love with her. He will have the desire and motivation to learn English in order to communicate with his girlfriend and integrate into the new culture and become part of the community. As Chile is mainly a monocultural society, chances to utilize the second language in daily conversations are fairly limited. Therefore, learners do not feel motivated to learn the second language to become part of the community, since they just need their first language to interact. It can be discussed that integrative motivation is an intrinsic factor, because it implies that learning a second language is more a final aim itself rather than a mean to accomplish a final goal, due to the authentic desire on the learning tasks (Noels (2002). Instrumental Motivation: One more term that Gardner and Lambert made up is instrumental motivation which Lightbown Spada (2002: 56) introduce as language learning for more immediate or practical goals. Very similar to integrative motivation, instrumental motivation also sees language learning as an instrument to accomplish a goal rather than the satisfaction in the action itself. However, what distinguishes both terms is the final aim, which in integrative motivation is the interaction in the L2 community while in instrumental motivation the ultimate goal is more practical, for instance, obtaining a better job, career developmental or passing exams. For most Chilean learners of English instrumental motivation is the key element at the time to learn English as a second language. For Lightbown Spada (2002) both types of motivation are important , they say that whether the students feel the necessity to interact in the second language in various social situations or to accomplish academic and professional aspirations, the communicative value of the foreign language will be perceived and therefore, they will feel encouraged to get proficiency in the language. I agree with the authors that both types of motivation are important to acquire a second language, However for Chilean people integrative motivation is far to be seen as a reason to study the second language due to the fact that Chile , as I mentioned earlier, is a monocultural and monolingual society. Classroom Learning Motivation vs. Language Learning Motivation When considering second language acquisition and motivation, it is important to put two motivational constructs into consideration. Research has shown that there are two categories of motivation that should be put into account when discussing SLA. This mainly deals with the difference that exists between classroom learning motivation and language learning motivation. Language learning motivation refers to the desire to learn a second language. Language learning motivation includes evaluated second language acquisition, socio-educational representation (Gardner, 1985), the preparedness to converse model (Clement, Dornyei, MacIntyre Noels, 1998) among others. It is the universal type of motivation that applies to any context of learning a language. The universal attributes of the learner relate to the need to learn the language. Clements (1980) social context model, Gardners (1985) SLA social-education model among others, agree that the motivation or desire to learn a second language is a characteristic that has considerable effects on the individual although they are different when it comes to assessment, correlates and antecedents. The other type of motivation is the learning motivation in a classroom. According to Heckhausen and Kuhl (1985), classroom-learning motivation is the general educational psychology as described by Dornyeis model of post-actional, actional, and pre-actional motivation model. Although it is seen to be an important part to motivation as a whole, the SLA socio-educational model by Gardner, (1985), characterizes it. The main focus is the persons view on the mission to be achieved and to a large extent, it is state oriented. This means that a number of issues that are related to the language class will affect the individuals perception. As a result, the atmosphere in the class, the teacher, the contents of the course, facilities and materials combined with the students personal attributes will affect the persons motivation when it comes to classroom learning. It is hard to differentiate between the two categories of motivation because they control the individual at any particular time. Therefore, it is important to consider both classes of motivation operative. Just as hard as it is to define motivation, it is equally difficult to give an explanation to the meaning of learning a second language. According to Gardner, the motivational strength can only be estimated from questionnaires based on an individuals attitude and is considered to be a hidden psychometric characteristic. Other educational practices have applied the use of indicators that have been observed from individuals behavior in response to a given task. This depends on the persons selection of tasks, which is determined by the level of difficulty, the persistency of the learner to tackle the problem at hand, the extent at which an individual participates in a group or class activities, the span of attention and focus, or the qualitative information available on spoken reports of self-regulation and self-monitoring. The new research program by Crookes and Schmidt (1991) includes the advancements made in the universal educational, which has narrowed to the field of language learning motivation. This directs its focus on individuals, the approaches that the learner might implement in the learning process, the learning contexts, and the observable conduct of class members. Following the inception of the new outline, the areas of interest have shifted to the learner as an individual. In Covingtons self-worthy theory (1998), the importance of the learners ideas were emphasized, their own beliefs, the strategy they use, and the level of their desire to deal with the task at hand. The self- efficacy concept by Bandura (1997) is a very important related characteristic which assesses the level at which learners gauge their potential and their own management. Individuals who have this ability come up with an efficient motivational thinking strategy and are able to reduce the risk of failure and increase t heir chances of success while depending less on outside obligatory measures and strategies. Motivation: Individual Learner Difference in Chilean Culture Clement and Noels (1996) indicate that the cultural settings present different language learning and individual learner differences. In the Chilean cultural setting, the motivation to learn the English language offer some challenges to the learners due to most of the students who attend Chilean public schools are in social risk. In addition, many of the learners may be discouraged to put personal effort in learning the language because of the fact that they may not find the language useful outside the educational setting. Others may be of the opinion that their chances of travelling to a country where English is spoken as a native language are rather minimal. Furthermore, challenges that come with teaching a class that has many students may affect the effectiveness of the teachers and the quality of the lesson. This together with the little interest towards learning the English language may influence negatively the motivation to teach as well as the motivation to learn. Fostering Motivation The best ways to foster motivation is to create a good environment, which is beneficial for second language learning. This can be done by reducing the number of students per class to ensure that the instruction given by the English teachers is of good quality. The teachers should also come up with plans that apply to both slow learners and fast learners so as to ensure that those who do not grasp quickly are not left far behind because this may demotivate them to continue learning. The schools may consider initiating exchange programs with schools where English is the native language. This would give students the feeling that studying English is not an effort in vain but a step in the right direction since it would help them in securing jobs and touring other parts of the world. Moreover, teachers should come up with a timetable that gives us enough time to prepare for our classes by getting the necessary materials as well as reflecting on the success of the program. This would help us in coming up with a better plan to teach hence improving our teaching methodology. It would also help teachers find ways of motivating their own students. With the relevant authorities ensuring that, schools are well equipped to teach English as a second language, students will be motivated to learn and teachers will be motivated to teach. Conclusion The above discussion has provided an analysis of motivation as an individual learner difference. There have been numerous research studies exploring individual learner differences, which have indicated that the main reason why many L2 students fail while others succeed effortlessly is the presence of different student characteristics such as language aptitude, motivation, or personality traits. The motivation of the student is very important in the learning process and is regarded as the key factor that contributes to the success of SLA. Research has revealed that intrinsic motivation is more successful than external or extrinsic motivation over the long term. Some students learning rate is higher as compared to others. Some learners are able to grasp quickly and they go on to the level of reaching near-native competence while slow learners experience difficulties in the early stages of the learning process. Recently conducted research has shown that this disparity is caused by the p articular strategy adopted by the learner, motivation, anxiety, personality, as well as societal and social influences. Research has clearly shown that the intensity of the students motivation to its highest level, including the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components are the most important aspects towards success in SLA. Since the integrative motive incorporates the aspect of being open to cultural identification as part of the process, it tries to imply that integration may be more connected to achieving highest level of achievement as compared to other types of motivation that do not have this component. Classroom learning motivation seems to be a system that encourages individuals to acquire specific language elements but for the students to be masters of the language, more is needed. In my opinion, the integrative motivation provides the students with a better platform for SLA. A teachers role in the process of learning a second language is rather complicated but very important. It surpasses the provision of reward since the whole experience is dependent on the self-efficacy of the student. The teachers role entails providing challenging yet supportive environment to allow the students to learn and explore their potential. The teachers are also supposed to help their students to develop their own motivational thinking by discovering their original orientation. The most challenging aspect in all of this is trying to avoid anything that may de-motivate the students. Although it is very much possible to imagine other forms of motivation, the type of motivation does not matter very much. The difference that emerges between instrumental and integrative motivation, or between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation does very little in helping us to understand the role that motivation plays in second language acquisition.

college tuition :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public college tuition fees need to increase and not have a ceiling set on them because over time instructional costs increase due to rising wages, salaries and inflation. If there were a ceiling government taxes would increase, and last many amenities would have to be subtracted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, over time instructional costs increase due to rising wages, salaries and inflation. If tuition does not increase the salary of employees will decrease and jobs will have to be cut, because there will not be enough money. Along with a smaller faculty there will also be less class choice and increase in class size. Both of these things will result in a lower quality of education because there would not be enough money due to a tuition ceiling. The tuition that students and families pay goes towards the students education. According to Karen Arenson of the New York Times some colleges are already cutting back, taking such steps as eliminating faculty positions and reducing class sizes. These things are already happening without a tuition ceiling. Just think that all colleges would have to do this instead of some if there was a tuition ceiling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a ceiling was set on tuition at all public colleges in the united states there would be a drastic increase in government taxes. Tuition at public universities is usually shared between the government or taxpayers, and the parents and student. As student costs increase such as maintenance, room, board, travel, laundry, and entertainment taxes would have to increase to cover the additional expenses. The failure of tuition to increase at the same rate as the increases of wages and salaries in the economy will require additional government revenues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  College isn’t all about bookwork. College is a place to have and experience new things. If a ceiling was set on tuition there would be almost no money to fund extracurricular activities such athletic and cultural facilities and other programs. Also colleges would not be able to pay for extensive libraries and new technology for students without tuition.

Advantages And Disvantages About Television Essay

How many hours a day do you watch television? Television has had a deep impact on everybody’s life. This powerful appliance has become an addiction for most people. Children, teenagers, adults and also babies spend hours and hours in front of the screen. Nowadays, it cannot be denied that this technological window is one of the main massive media; however not everything it offers is favorable. Many advantages and disadvantages can be discussed about the TV set. The main media of the world has been and remains to be television. Many advantages can be accounted for this. First of all, news is broadcast around the world immediately. People are notified about politics, social problems, natural catastrophes, of any part of the world without delay. Moreover, entertainment programs are so popular events in people’s life that families enjoy a variety of top-rated TV shows and films without the necessity of going out from their houses. Last but not least, it is important to remark that educational programs can be imparted through this communication channel from which, even in the furthest places, a man could benefit from. On the other hand, there are also many drawbacks to TV. One of the main problems that current society has is sedentariness; people spend too many hours immersed in this world, what turns them into lazy beings, who will eventually shirk their duties. For children and babies times of outdoor activities seem to have finished, consequently the goggle box is now known as the mechanical nanny. At last, in the same way that this TV set imparts education, it also shows immoral programs, violence and an inappropriate use of language, which most of the times has a deep influence on every member of the human civilization. To my way of thinking there should be a control system on what television shows, or at least schedules specifying suitable timetables for some kinds of programs, not without forgetting that people must be conscious about their own use of this boob tube. Sedentariness: sedentarismo. I took references from Oxford Dictionary.

How to Make Marbled and Scented Paper

How to Make Marbled and Scented Paper Its super-easy to make elegant marbled paper, which you can use for a variety of projects including gift wrap. What you may not know is you can scent your paper while you marble it. Paper Marbling Materials papershaving creamfood coloring or paintssilverwareshallow pan, large enough for your papersqueegee or paper towels You can use any paper for this project and will get slightly different effects depending on your selection. I used ordinary printer paper. You can use any shaving cream, too. I would probably aim for the least expensive brand you can find, but what I actually used was scented shaving gel. If you use peppermint-scented shaving cream then you can make paper that smells like candy canes. If you use floral scented shaving cream then your marbled paper will carry a subtle floral fragrance. The other material used in this project is pigment or ink. The blue/red/green box in the photo is wrapped with marbled paper colored using food coloring. The pink/orange/blue box is wrapped with marbled paper that was colored with tempera poster paints. You can use any pigment you like, so be creative! Make Marbled Paper Spread a thin layer of shaving cream in the bottom of the pan. I used a spoon, but you can use a knife or spatula or your fingers. All you need is a shallow coating.Dot the surface of the shaving cream with food coloring or paint or pigment or whatever colorant you are using.Use your imagination to pattern the colors. I simply ran the tines of a fork through the colors in a wavy fashion. Dont get too enthusiastic swirling your colors or else they will run together.Lay your paper on top of the colored layer in the pan. I smoothed the paper out over the shaving cream.Remove the paper and either squeegee off the shaving cream (wiping between passes) or wipe the shaving cream off with a dry paper towel. If you do this carefully, none of your colors will run or be distorted.Allow your paper to dry. If it curls, you can iron it flat using low heat. I didnt have any problem with printer paper distorting. The marbled paper will be smooth and slightly glossy. Neither the food colorings nor tempera paints transferred off of the paper once it was dry. Some people like to spray marbled paper with a fixative. I probably would not treat the paper if your goal is to make a scented and colored paper, since fixing the paper might mask the fragrance.

Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too Far

Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too Far Free Online Research Papers â€Å"You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.† Norman Douglas, South Wind, 1917. You can also tell the ideals of a community, city, town, country, and society by its commercial advertisements. In our society controversial commercial advertising is used often to raise eye brows, as well as to get attention for the â€Å"product† that the corporations are trying to sell. Controversial commercial advertising is just a sick way to further degrade and oppress a nation. To be able to understand the problem we must first understand exactly what commercial advertising means and compare it with controversial commercial advertising. Dictionary.com says â€Å"to announce or praise (a product, service, etc.) in some public medium of communication in order to induce people to buy or use it.† Now since the true definition of commercial advertising is put to light, then what would be the definition for controversial commercial advertising? Well you can’t find controversial commercial advertising in any dictionary, but look up controversial on dictionary.com and the meaning will be there. Dictionary.com states â€Å"A controversy is a contentious dispute, a disagreement in opinions over which parties are actively arguing. Controversies can range from private disputes between two individuals to large-scale social upheavals. Controversies in mathe matics and the sciences are generally eventually solved. It is the nature of controversies in the humanities that they cannot generally be conclusively settled and may be accompanied by the disruption of peace and even quarreling.† With that being said I will take you through a narrow path that should hopefully change your view on how our society chooses to advertise on television to our children, to our daughters, and to our sons. The amount of alcohol advertising that is televised through out our states is horrific, for instance beer, wine, and liquor commercials are all examples of alcohol advertising these types of commercials are made to advertise directly to our youth. For an example there is a commercial out now advertising Tanqueray Gin. In the commercial a young man is in a state of sublime ecstasy as he is passing out Tanqueray to all of the young beautiful women around him asking the viewers â€Å"Do you tanqueray?† Now what type of message do you think this commercial is sending out to young viewers? Is it trying to say that drinking Tanqueray will give you sublime ecstasy and beautiful women, but all too often the exact opposite happens to drinkers. In a report done by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services it stated that young people are the biggest consumers of alcohol as well as the biggest naà ¯ve drinkers (1997). Combining low tolerance and high motivation is a deadly co mbination! So instead of a night in ecstasy it’s nothing more but a night of disasters; drunk driving crashes, property damage, date rapes, unwanted pregnancies are just to name a few (U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources 1997). In the same report they also mention that the alcohol companies target the youth in the commercials for higher sales for their product! How ridiculous and yet depressing at the same time. Because of these controversial commercials we need someone out there to fight back so a majority of these commercials being aired would soon be a small amount. It doesn’t just stop there Alcohol industries need to put out more responsible ads on television so that they could advertise their product without targeting the young. Responsible adverting that discourages sexually provocative alcohol commercials from being aired. This is the key to ending a majority of alcohol mayhap and hopefully encouraging responsible drinking. It can happen I’ve seen it done with cigarette commercials. I remember this commercial when I was a little girl; of a cowboy who was rounding up his live stock and after having a long days job done he took out a match from his cowboy hat rubbed it against his rough mustache and lit his cigarette. Maybe you already guessed what commercial I was talking about; if you guessed the Marlboro man then that guess is absolutely correct. The cigarette commercials for a time used to rule our air ways. Until now, instead of a good looking cowboy rounding up live stock we have the â€Å"TRUTH† commercials which are exactly the opposite. As an alternative they talk about the horrible and disgusting truth about smoking. Some would argue that the truth commercials are not meant for younger viewers thus making them controversial but I think not, if you think about it this way which commercial would you want your child to see? Speaking of children how many of you have gone bankrupt or broke after spending money on gifts for your children for the biggest holiday of all Christmas? Statistics show that more commercials are now targeting children think about cell phone carries, toys, video games, and theme parks not to mention cloths. Wow if you’re a parent with a family of four I hope you have some sort of savings. This isn’t just hitting high income families its low income families that are most likely to be the victims here as well (Department of Health Education and Welfare 1969). What can we do about this? Our country is nothing more but one gigantic advertisement after another! Worse of all the advertisements are nothing more but controversial. For an example the video game GTA which is Grand Theft Auto is showing kids that stealing cars and killing cops is appropriate. In a world where anything goes and a society that thrives on wealth how much should be over the limits? When do we take a stand and seriously view how products are being advertised and to whom they are being advertised to? That’s the way to getting to a place of greatness, when we can look at what’s being aired to our nation and put on more positive factual ads that are not poisoning our minds with lies, sex, or low-self-esteem, as Norman Douglas once put it â€Å"You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.† So how about we have those advertisements show who we really are a great nation. References Definitions of Advertising and Controversial. Retrieved September 11, 2007, from dictionary.com U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources 1997. Retrieved September 11, 2007, from Axia Library Department of Health Education and Welfare 1969. Retrieved September 10, 2007 from Thomas Gale PowerSearch Database Research Papers on Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too FarGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Summary essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Summary - Essay Example In order to convince the public, she used facts, statistics, and name calling to present her arguments. Emma Watson delivered a game-changing and persuasive speech about feminism at the United Nations assembly (â€Å"Emma Watson’s UN speech: has it been effective?†). The much talked about speech was highly admired and went viral in the social media, as well as elicited mixed reactions. She delivered the speech six months after her appointment as the Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations. She did this in an attempt to promote and push the new United Nation’s HeForShe project. The primary reason for the speech was to discourage stereotyping of women in the society. In addition, Emma’s motive was not only advocate the empowering of women, but also liberate some men in the society. Her sole mission was to encourage both sexes to identify as feminists. This speaker addressed all forms of violence and discrimination faced by women and girls in the society. She argued that not only women, girls and transgender that suffered discrimination, but some men too fell victims to these acts. She invited men to join the conversation of feminists since this issue concerns them as well. Her sole intention was to get a large number of men and boys to commit to joining the gender equality campaign. In addition, according to Hashempour (â€Å"Emma Watson’s UN speech: has it been effective?†), she told the world that in order to achieve gender equality and eliminate harmful and destructive stereotypes the idea of masculinity must change. Moreover, Watson used one of the strategies of propaganda to convince the public of her ideas. She adopted the name-calling to get the attention of her audience and project her ideas as favorable (Class Notes Week 8). She mentioned statesman Edmund Burkes and quoted his condemning words that aimed at

Morality and Social Responsibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morality and Social Responsibility - Assignment Example This shows that a person’s wrong behavior solely originates from himself and he bares the whole responsibility. This may be too hard on those who may not understand the rules and end up breaking them. Human beings have different reasoning standards. As others are keen to point out the limits of their actions, others may be slow at it. Actions play a big role in the definition of morality. The actions between two or more individuals define character. These actions originate from different or same habits that these individuals have. One’s action will influence the reaction of another, defining his character. This introduces a second party responsible for one’s action. Therefore, environment (culture) plays a role in defining ones morality (Peter & Nicholas, 2011) A person’s upbringing influences the virtues that he will have when he comes of age. Some virtues are inborn while others are acquired. Culture outlines the norms of one’s society. Many do see that abiding by these norms makes one moral. Culture defines people’s social responsibility, and it enables smooth co-existence among people (Scarlet & Arthur, 2011). This social responsibility can be seen as ones duty to morality. The actions that are done usually are of different purposes. An individual can do action because he needs to benefit by protecting his life. On the other hand, it can be done just for the respect of the law to avoid consequences. In the end these actions, regardless of the reasons for performing them, defines ones morality. Deontology helps to control individuals’ actions and the rights of others who interact. People should reflect on the consequences of their actions to others, before doing them. As people who co-exist, cultural laws outline the moral acts that all of them approve. This helps in the establishment of morality amongst them. Morality may be different in different cultures since the cultures tend to differ in

Describe what you see Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describe what you see - Essay Example The statue is wearing a tunic and tights, adorned with a long fur coat, which has puffed sleeves, seeming pleasantly anachronistic against the background adorned by the premises of the State Community College. The legs of the statue are short, thick and firm, depicting a pachyderm like balance and strength. The hands are comparatively shapely and long, signifying the sophistication of the Western civilization. The facial features of the statue are lean, masculine and imbued with determination, resembling a mountain like stability and solidity. The statue is about as high as a young oak tree, commensurately solid and firm. The forehead is slim and slightly furrowed, evincing the determination of a crouching lion. The eyes are almond shaped and gazing ahead, akin to a search light like focus. Overall the contours of the statue are bold, monolithic, and round, accentuating the solidity of the marble rock from which it was

Young Enterprise Essay Example for Free

Young Enterprise Essay Richard Branson. Sir Allen Sugar. Sir John Harvey Jones. All of these men are successful entrepreneurs that began with a thought but ended with a million. How ever they had to become a successful entrepreneur they had to enterprise. So what is enterprising? Well enterprising is a set of skills that a business man or women do that will earn him profits that he will take as his wages. However enterprising is not that easy it requires a whole range of skills that will allow him or her to enterprise successfully. The Skills required are E.N.T.E.R.P.R.I.S.I.N.G.: Effort- Effort is important for enterprising. Before selling an item or making a sufficient deal you need to put some effort in. The amount of effort you put towards your deal will determine how much you get out of your deal. Negotiable- Before selling both sides the seller and consumer have to meet at an agreeable price. You might want the price and the consumer might want it lower so therefore if you want to enterprise you need to negotiate. Time management- A good entrepreneur always has track of time. To enterprise you need to be on time for your meetings and be proficient at moving from job to job. If you are not you will be looked down by the consumer and this may effect your status. Enthusiasm- Enthusiasm is important for enterprising. If one of your team members are lacking in their job and have too much to do if you are enthusiastic then you can offer to help them. This will give you a challenge to do as well as being looked at for specific skills and qualities. Risk- Risks are important in life and especially if you are going to enterprise. You need to take some risks without being nervous and manage them. You need to have courage because in most cases risks are the little things that make the money. Performance- Performance is also key. Your performance will reflect on how successful you are. Performance is not only how much you achieve e.g. how much profit you have made. Performance is how determined you are to meet a target/ goal and how quickly you achieve it. Responsibility- If you are going to be a successful entrepreneur then you need to be reliable and consistent. You will need to complete all of you responsibilities before you relax. If you can not handle your responsibility there is a high chance of you getting fired. Intelligent- In business and enterprising you will need to be intelligent. You will need to be clever as you will be working with numbers. You will need to plan your project and think up the positive and negative sides to you plan. This can only be done by an intelligent worker. Self motivated- if you are working as a team you are set a target. As a team member you need to motivate your team as well as your self to make you believe that you are able to achieve your target. If you do not then your team would not be determined and will perform poorly. Independence- Independence is a key factor. Although you will have to work in groups you need to have independence. You will need to be able to work independently and not always with a team. Your independence will reflect you image as an entrepreneur. Neuro Linguistic- Neuro linguistic is long complex words that mean communication skills. To become a successful entrepreneur you need to have good body language and communication skills. If you are in a meeting or putting across an idea you will need good communication skills to show that you are serious and look professionals. Good ideas- If you are going to be enterprising you need to think of good ideas. You need to cover every aspect of detail before you put your idea forward. QUALIFICATIONS AND ACHIEVMENTS To become an entrepreneur you will need some achievements and academic qualifications. You will need a high standard level in maths and English in your GCSEs. If you want a better chance then higher education will help such as: Accountancy; this will shoe you profits and costs. Economics; help you studies the economies around the world and stock market. Business Studies; this will help you to manage and setup your on business successfully. Also if you want a job it will be good to show: Reference; to show your performance. Experience; to show that you are capable and you have worked in a high pressured environment. RICHARD BRANSON There are many successful entreoeuners in the U.K. However Richard Branson is one of many that have generally met the skills needed. Richard Branson left school at the age of 16 and started a student Advisory Centre. At the age of the 20 he became independent and had a good idea of setting up a record retailer in Oxford Street called Virgin. On the way he started with nothing. However he was self- motivated and his effort for hunting down singers finally paid off. Eventually he signed Belinda Carlisle, Genesis, Phil Collins and Culture Club. His record company was becoming successful and there was more responsibility for Richard Branson. After 12 years f successful enterprising Richard took his intelligence to the next level. After his great performance in virgin he took a major risk and in 1984 he opened Virgin Atlantic Airways which became the 2nd largest international airline service. This was an airline business which earned millions. Due to this he sold Virgin to EMI. However from starting selling records Richard Branson now owns Virgin Coke, Vie make-up, Virgin Vodka, Virgin Insurance, Virgin Mobile phones (which he sold for 1 million pounds in 2006) and a Nigerian based airline called Virgin Nigeria. In 2007 Branson began flights from San Francisco airport called Virgin America. Now Virgin is worth $2.8 billion. Richard Branson began with a though but ended with a couple of billion. He met most of the E.N.T.E.R.P.R.I.S.I.N.G criteria and now continues his multi billon dollar worth company. WHY IS ENTERPRISING IMPORTANT Enterprising is important to the UKs economy. It helps the U.K socialise with other foreign countries. If there is a good deal then other countries would interact and involve the U.K with other business project which will make the U.K reflect a positive image to the world.

Technology Blessing Or Curse

Technology Blessing Or Curse We live in the age of technology. We commute by automobiles and airplanes and communicate by emails and mobiles. The media and the Internet provide us the latest information from all over the world. Movies filled with hi-tech special effects entertain us. Air conditioners and room heaters keep our life comfortable despite climatic inconveniences. The list goes on. Technology has transformed almost every aspect of our lives. Of course, a few of us may have concerns about the pollution and environmental problems that technology has led to. But overall most people feel that technology has benefited us immensely. Intoduction In the mid-20th century, people have gained control technology sufficient to leave the Earths atmosphere and space for the first time. The technology used to know the techniques or methods of organization to solve the problem by the method of right and serve the purpose. Technology affect the person and the possibility of other kinds of animals to adapt to the natural environment. Human species has begun using the technology that makes it simple natural tools. Discovery of prehistory, the ability to control fire increased food sources and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel and explore your surroundings. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes to develop weapons and destructive power has evolved over the centuries, from clubs to nuclear weapons. Technology also has an impact on society and the environment in many ways .. In many societies, technology has helped bring a more developed economy and allow the entertainment show class.Many technologi cal processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, anddeplete natural resources, harm the earth and its surroundings. different use of technology influence the values of society and new technology often increases the new ethical questions. Example: survey The concept of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally used only for machines, and challenge the traditional norms.Philosophical a discussion about current and future use of technology in our society, with disagreements about the technology improves the human condition or worsens the situation. So technology is not a blessing or a curse, is both. We can not determine whether one of them. We live between technologies. Travel by car and aircraft and to communicate via telephone and email and telephone. The media and the Internet make us the latest information from around the world. Movies packed with hi-tech special effects to entertain us. Air conditioners and heaters to keep our lives well, but climatic disadvantages. Technology has changed virtually all face in our lives. Some of us may have problems with pollution and environmental problems as the technology lead. But in general most people feel that technology has benefited us more. The technology is now so f undamental to human life. No one can deny the benefits of technology. But most people can not see another hand.Technology has two faces. Despite the encounter, there are many problems caused by technology. For example, in the past, you rarely see people with glasses, now almost all teen glasses. The reason is that many teenagers are using computers for a long time, to the extent that destroy their own eyes. Moreover, people today rely on technology too. Most people complain when they could not use computer for the special day with teenagers. People complain when the computer accident and not save the file you worked on. Humans rely on so much technology that no one would survive if there is no technologyin the world. In my opinion, technology is a blessing or a curse, is both. What does change in attitude is how they use it. We can not coward on nuclear weapons for the damage it produces, which teaches that the epidemic. Everything is better as the technology used to create everything. What will stay in our consciousness, its what we do with it either bless or curse our environment, and as a result of our own lives Introduction Questionnaire Results The questionnaire was an interesting way to take a peak at the opinions of the people in order to compare them to the findings of my research. I tried to keep the sample representative and balanced for example I made sure that of the 20 given the questionnaire 10 were male and 10 were female. Q1) How many people use technology? A- 8-15 B- 15-25 C- 25-40 D- 40 + This tells me that the majority of the sample group asked believe the people in 15-25 is the most range use technology in wide range. Q2) Most of people believe the technology is blessing? A- Agree B- Strongly agree C- Disagree D- Strongly disagree E- Neutral Most of them answer of the technology is blessing by strongly agree its refer the technology is very important in the life Q3) can we avoid the bad side effect of technology? A- can B- Cant C- May be Here we see that the majority feel that the technology may avoided the bad side effect. Q4) Age appropriate person so that he could keep up with the evolution of technology†¦.. A- 10-15 B- 15-25 C- 25-30 D- 30+ We see here the most suitable age which the person could keep up with technology is 10-15 then the ratio decrease when the age grows up. Q5) Technology double-edged sword A- Agree B- Strongly agree C- Neutral D- Disagree E- Strongly disagree Most of people see the Technology double-edged sword and no one disagree. Part II Causes:- To be know the method of organization to solve the problem in right way:- By the mid 20th century, humans had achieved supremacy of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and space. Technology used for know the techniques or method of organization to solve the problem by the right method and serve some purpose. Technologies are affecting human as well as other animal kinds ability to adapt to their natural environments. The human species began to use technology by conversion the natural things into simple tools like a- How produce afire by a simple way b- Wheel help the human in travel c- Make a coat by simple way The aim of the technology when it began is good. The people want by simple tools make something help them in daily life. So, we invite a lot of something to help us and us it daily. Now, these things we cant life without it. Like a- Electricity b- Air-condition c- Less of water And a lot of things we use it and cant imagine our life without it. So, the technology helps us in our life to be more easily.When a technology has been used by communities to compete to develop themselves. Therefore, the technology has two faces are the face of good and the other face is evil. And with that despite the good start that was designed to facilitate peoples lives. For example, when he invented dynamite was to open the mines know, and iron and other minerals, but after then used in World War This is how the beginning but the end is bad. So he makes Nobel PRIZE to encouragepeople to make a good invite which help the world and people. Effects:- 1- The good effect (Blessing) Technology improves our goodness of life. By use the technology we have important discoveries. In our life we depend in technology in everything in our life. When you think about the technology you found yourself use it every minute. So, it is important in our life and the life will be different without it. The technology enters in all fields like pharmacy, medicine and engineering. Its difficult to see field without technology. In medicine it is make a big different. Now we can treat the patient without make meeting. It saves our time and effort and more and more in this field. The technology makes our life easier. And the big invite which convert the impossible to possible. It is the internet which can connect and communicate with people who are miles away from us. Its only one of the many examples we could give it to verify the fact that the technology is a blessing. All media depend on the technology. Now we know whats happen in any region in world by the media. Its easy now but in the past its like difficult to imagine it. But the technologies make a big Event in our life when something invite like a- Computer b- Internet c- Cell phone These inventions change a human life in twentieth century. But the important inventions in the past Are 1-Wheel We see it everywhere, in cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, car interiors, toys and more. Life will never be the same without wheels. They range from wooden carts and carriages, a simple device, but it provides over time developed. With so many uses and applications, is still part of the human race, and one of the first steps of civilization. Can you imagine that he does not take a taxi to the hotel? instead of this situation, a few miles with tons of pockets? Or did he get an hours walk to the mall? 2. Tools People are left thumb, which led to the development of tools. Simple instruments such as the use of sharp rocks into knives and spears cut. Large rock as a used hammer has become a stream. We have our houses, animals, trapped in our rooms built and improve our way of life with tools. Interestingly, some mammals and birds use a variety of tools. 3. Sanitation System in which waste collected and disposed of at the same time is more than somewhere useful. Old people saw it and were among the first to invent system. Today we rarely think of the network pipes beneath our feet and make sure that our waste stays out of our eyes and nose! Im glad to know that we are not stool on the floor. Well, most of the time. 4. Roads Dirt paths taken by hunters were from vehicles, but it was invented after the invention of the wheel, there is a real need for better roads. Dirt trodden path now, wood, stone and brick streets. For convenience of use, to transport routes, the world is a success. Today is the backbone of the economy and society. Consider buying a life without the road. We lived in the houses at random. Transported goods slowed. There will be more accidents